Was Hercules Mulligan a Slave Owner? Unveiling the Truth Behind Cato

The historical narrative of Hercules Mulligan, a prominent figure in the American Revolutionary War, often centers around his significant contributions as a spy and confidant to George Washington. However, the question of whether he was a slave owner has been a subject of debate. This article aims to clarify the misconception by examining the historical context and evidence surrounding Mulligan and his enslaved servant, Cato.

The Role of Cato

Cato, whose name was likely a pseudonym, played a vital role alongside Hercules Mulligan during the Revolutionary War. Mulligan, a Quaker and member of the elite social circle in New York City, initially helped Cato gain freedom. This early interaction set the stage for their alliance in the resistance against the British forces.

Independence and Freedom

After the war, no official records of Cato's life can be found. However, it is widely presumed that he was granted his freedom, given the inclination of prominent figures of the era towards abolition. Notably, many of these individuals engaged in direct actions against slavery. For example, Lafayette, a pivotal figure in the American Revolution, often purchased slaves solely to free them. Similarly, John Laurens, another key contributor to the war effort, persuaded his father to free the slaves he would have inherited, a total of about 40 individuals.

Mulligan and Cato's Relationship

Mulligan and Cato's relationship during the war was unlike that of the traditional master-slave dynamic. Cato was not merely Mulligan's servant but rather a part of his inner circle. Evidence suggests that Mulligan treated Cato more as a friend and confidant. Their close relationship is further corroborated by Cato's actions during the war. For instance, in 1779, Cato sent a crucial warning to Alexander Hamilton about the British plans to assassinate George Washington. This act of loyalty and bravery underscored their bond beyond that of master and slave.

Myth vs. Reality

Given the rich historical documentation and the actions of other prominent figures like Lafayette and John Laurens, it becomes evident that Hercules Mulligan was not a slave owner. Rather, he was part of a network of individuals who actively worked towards the abolition of slavery. Mulligan's treatment of Cato and his involvement in the resistance against British forces further validate this assertion.

Conclusion

By examining the historical context and the actions of key figures of the American Revolution, it becomes clear that Hercules Mulligan was not a slave owner. Cato, while initially an enslaved person, was granted his freedom and formed a close and honorable partnership with Mulligan. This episode of the American Revolution highlights the complex social dynamics and the evolution of individual beliefs and actions in the pursuit of freedom and justice.

References

For further reading on this topic, consider the following sources:

Hercules Mulligan American Hercules Mulligan Encyclopedia Britannica: Hercules Mulligan